El papel geopolítico del sector energético en el desarrollo de América Latina: un análisis utilizando la teoría de los sistemas mundiales de Wallerstein
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https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-520X
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La energía ha desempeñado un papel crucial en la geopolítica, ayudando al auge de las alianzas en la Comunidad Europea, además el orden mundial en la historia contemporánea ha dependido de las fuentes de energía. La geopolítica de la energía ha cobrado últimamente impulso entre académicos y políticos, especialmente en América Latina. Este trabajo ofrece una comprensión crítica de la actualidad, las estructuras geopolíticas de la energía y los agentes en las Américas y pretende estudiar la geopolítica de las relaciones energéticas norte-sur. América Latina posee grandes reservas administradas por empresas estatales en donde ha habido dificultades para separar las diversas funciones del Estado y proporcionar una regulación eficaz de los mercados. Esto ha generado políticas basadas en la privatización y la liberalización, que se han intensificado con la COVID-19. Teniendo en cuenta esta coyuntura, este estudio utiliza el análisis geopolítico y el marco de Wallerstein para discutir la producción y el consumo de energía en los países latinoamericanos. Nuestro análisis sugiere que las energías renovables y el bioetanol representan una oportunidad para la futura integración regional y la paz geopolítica en las Américas.
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